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Journal of International Criminal Justice 2003 1(3):651-670; doi:10.1093/jicj/1.3.651
© 2003 by Oxford University Press
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Are Foreign Military Personnel Exempt from International Criminal Jurisdiction under Status of Forces Agreements?

Dieter Fleck1

1 Federal Ministry of Defence, Germany

Exemptions from international criminal jurisdiction are of particular importance for the ongoing dispute on the role and authority of the International Criminal Court. In this context, the application of Articles 16 and 98 ICCSt. has led to controversies. The author examines the relevance of Article 98 ICCSt. to agreements governing the legal status of visiting forces in a receiving state (Status of Forces Agreements: SOFAs). He concludes that as Article 98(2) is not applicable to standard SOFAs, no conflicts between such SOFAs and the ICC Statute should arise. As organs of their sending states, foreign servicemen enjoy functional immunity under general principles of international law recognized under Article 98(1); consequently, any act of detention or physical control by the receiving state would require cooperation with the sending state. The same conclusion is reached with regard to members of peacekeeping operations, as they are generally exempted from the jurisdiction of the receiving state


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